EXPLANATION OF TERMS:
Clean out crown: Being
the removal of dead wood, dying, diseased,
weak, suppressed, split, broken, hanging
crossing and rubbing branches and epitomic
growth (small shoots emanating from the
main trunk and stems) from the crown.
Remove dead wood: Being
the removal of all major dead wood in the
tree down to 3-4cm.diameter.
Formative prune: Being
the minimal pruning of, usually, young trees
to maintain optimum initial branch structure
and crown balance in order to pre-empt potential
future problems.
Trim/Shear: Usually refers
to hedging and shrubs both evergreen and
deciduous. Being the pruning back to flatten
off or round off of growth to contain spread
and maintain control/optimum visual appearance
and shape.
Crown lift: Being the
complete removal of lowest branches to main
trunk and/or the reducing back in length
of lowest branches thus increasing the height
of the main crown line above ground level.
Usually expressed in metres.
Crown thin: Being the
removal of all branches as in ‘Clean
out crown’ and the removal of further
smaller diameter branches evenly throughout
crown in order to lessen the crown density
and thus improve light through the tree.
Crown thinning will not result in any major
alteration in the outline of the tree. Usually
expressed as a percentage.
Crown reduce/reshape:
Being the all round reduction of the crown
size of the tree (not the trees’ overall
height) unless otherwise specified. Usually
expressed as a percentage. In some cases
only partial crown reduction is specified
in order to clear buildings, street furniture
etc. usually expressed in metres.
Pollard: Being the removal
of all growth back to main trunk or trunk
knuckles, unless otherwise specified.
Fell: Being the complete
removal as near to ground or surrounding
soil level as possible of the tree, leaving
a stump. Usually entails the dismantling
of the tree in sections.
Grind down stump: Refers
to the stump at or near ground level. Being
the mechanical chipping out of the stump
to 0.3 below ground level only. The trees’
radial root spread remains intact unless
otherwise specified. Arisings are removed
to leave area level.
Grind out stump: In some
cases, usually with smaller shallow stumps,
it would be possible to grind out the whole
stump. On larger stumps the grinding of
radial roots down to a certain diameter
may be specified.
Grub out: Refers to the
stump and roots of a tree. Being the physical
/manual digging out of a stump and its root
system. Usually applies to smaller trees.
Winch out: Refers to the
stump and roots of a tree. Being the physical/manual
excavation of the area around the tree/stump,
the severance of major radial roots and
the mechanical winching out of the ground
of the stump then the backfilling of the
area where possible to level. Usually refers
to larger trees.
Treat stump to prevent regrowth:
Being the poisoning of the stump at ground
level following felling work effectively
to prevent the tree from reproducing Product
used: Amcide; a systemic product which breaks
down to a nitrogenous fertiliser after 6-8
weeks. Treated stump to be kept covered
until such time.
Spraying: Tree/shrub spraying
with insecticide/fungicide can only be carried
out with the appropriate licence. Arbforce
currently carry out spraying operations.
Brace: Being the support
of the trees’ branch/limb structure
by mechanical means in order to extend its
safe useful life expectancy. Cable bracing
involves the use of bolts drilled through
the trunks and connected by steel cables.
Cobra bracing involves the use of nylon
rope encircling trunks and connected to
itself. Similarly tree branches/limbs can
be supported with steel props installed
into the ground.
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